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Pulsed Fiber Laser

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Woofee has developed and produced pulsed fiber lasers with an average power of 100W-2000W, and all key indicators of them reach the leading level in China.

 

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Woofee will continue catering to the needs of customers and the market, taking technological innovation as its driving force for development, and devoting itself to producing reliable, practical and high-quality new laser products.

 

What Is Pulsed Fiber Laser?

 

Pulsed fiber laser is the industrial marking and micromachining laser. Pulse laser has high peak power, high single-pulse energy and optional spot diameter and can be widely applied in the fields, such as marking, precision processing, graphic engraving of non-metal, gold, silver, copper and aluminum with altitude stress resistance, stainless materials without altitude stress resistance. Its marking process features lower cost and more stable performance compared with traditional laser.

 

Advantages of Pulsed Fiber Laser

 

Highly Efficient Gain Medium
Unlike other lasers, pulsed fiber lasers achieve light amplification in optical fibers, which are doped with rare earth metal ions such as ytterbium (Yb3+), neodymium (Nd3+), thulium (Tm3+), praseodymium (Pr3+), or erbium (Er3+). These laser active ions can absorb most of the pump light, and then emit photons with characteristic frequencies via stimulated emission. The inherently flexible structure of fibers enables using much longer gain distances than other laser types. This provides a high optical gain.

 

Smart Feedback Loop through Fiber Bragg Gratings
Instead of using the conventional dielectric mirrors, the optical feedback in pulsed fiber lasers is usually provided by fiber Bragg gratings, a series of glass fibers with different refractive indices fusion-spliced in a periodic manner. These periodic structures can reflect the laser beam at certain wavelength and hence become the optical cavity of the pulsed fiber laser. Thus, for a pulsed fiber laser, the optical cavity is actually inside the gain medium.

 

Robust Optical Cavity
When talking about pulsed fiber lasers, one common pitfall to avoid is that pulsed fiber lasers are not equivalent to the lasers that have optical fibers. In fiber-coupled diode lasers for example, optical fibers are employed only for beam delivery purposes and do not involve in the physics of stimulated emission. Hence, although optical fibers are indeed coupled with the laser systems, they still do not have all the superior qualities of a pulsed fiber laser. The unique integrated optical cavity with coiled fiber as the gain medium creates a robust and stable optical cavity.

 

Compact Footprint
One of the key advantages of pulsed fiber lasers is their compact layout. Compared with their rivals they sport a much smaller footprint at comparable output powers. This is because optical fibers are bendable and can be coiled into compact spaces. Furthermore, the flexibility of optical fibers also make possible further customization of the optical path, giving more freedom in design for various specific situations.

 

High Output Power
Since the gain medium in pulsed fiber lasers are very thin and flexible, it is possible to have the optical fibers several kilometers long, and hence reach a very high gain of the pumping light. Also, due to the large surface area to volume ratio of optical fibers, the heat generated by pulsed fiber lasers can by efficiently dissipated. Thus, pulsed fiber lasers can function continuously at kilowatts levels without the need for sophisticated cooling systems.

 

Excellent Beam Quality
Normally, laser beam quality is interpreted as a measure of how tightly the beam can be focused, and it is quantified by an M2 factor, which is ideally equal to 1 for the highest beam quality. In a pulsed fiber laser, single-mode fibers typically offer the best beam performance, and can hence conceive significant applications. For instance, in laser cutting and welding, a high beam quality will allow for a long distance between the workpiece and the focusing object. This configuration will protect the optics from the debris and fumes.

 

High Reliability
Pulsed fiber lasers are of high reliability and almost maintenance-free, and since the optical path is enclosed within protective cladding layers, the laser beam is less susceptible to exterior disturbance. Thus, pulsed fiber laser usually boast excellent stability in high-temperature and vibrational working conditions.

 

Application of Pulsed Fiber Laser

 

 

Laser Marking
Pulsed fiber laser is the best choice forelectronics and industrial products marking. Excellent marking quality, highspeed, and high flexibility, can be used for quality control,anti-counterfeiting, and product identification. Maxphotonics marking laser with good beamquality (M2 <1.3), preciser marking effect; Wide pulse width (2-350ns)suitable for different kinds of materials; Wide frequency range (1-2000KHz),higher marking efficiency.

 

Laser Engraving
The advantages of laser engraving are nopollution, high precision, high flexible, can meet complex engraving processes.Wide range of applications such as industrial machines, aerospace devices. Maxphotonics engraving laser with highsingle pulse energy (> 1.5mJ), strong engraving capability and higherefficiency; high power (> 200W), deeper engraving depth; good beam quality, smoothengraving effect.

 

Laser Cleaning
Laser cleaning has a wide range ofapplications in industry, including mold cleaning, remove rust from parts,high-speed rail derusting, and gear cleaning. Maxphotonicscleaning laser with high single pulse energy (>30mJ), cleaning efficiencyis higher; high power (up to 500W), which can clean thicker rust layer; uniformdistribution of beam spot energy, and no damage to the substrate material.

 

Laser Cutting
Laser precision cutting/drilling is a majorapplication field of pulsed fiber lasers, and it’s one of the importanttechnologies of 3C processing and application. It can be used in mobile phones,notebooks, PCB boards, headphones and other electronic products. The traditionalCNC technology willhave the following problems: the surface of the material is easy to be convex, burrat hole edge. Laser precision drilling can avoid such problems. Maxphotonics precision cutting laser hasgood beam quality, less thermal effect of cutting seam, no heat deposition,smooth cutting edge and no burr; high peak power (>15kW), high cuttingspeed, smooth and not easy to deform.

 

Laser Welding
Pulsedfiber laser welding is mainly used for spot welding and seam welding of thinmetal materials. By controlling the parameters of laser pulse waveform, width,peak power and repetition frequency, make a goodconnection between the workpieces. Widely used in battery, electronic components,and other industries. Maxphotonicsprecision welding laser with adjustable pulse width (1-350ns), can adapt todifferent metal materials; the pulse width is smaller, the frequency is wider,the welding is basically no splash, firm welding effect.

 

How Does a Pulsed Fiber Laser Work?
WFPL-300SM Pulsed Fiber Laser (Single-mode)
WFPL-80SM Pulsed Fiber Laser
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Creation of pump light in the laser diodes
Laser diodes, also referred to as the "pump source," convert electricity into photons or light, which is then pumped into the fiber-optic cable. The process of generating light in diodes involves the utilization of two differently charged semiconductors. The first semiconductor is positively charged and requires an additional electron. Conversely, the second semiconductor carries a negative charge and possesses either an excess or a free electron. When the positive and negative charges come into contact, they strive to combine.

 

Pump light is guided and passes through the optical fiber
Within the optical fiber system, a coupler plays a vital role in combining the light emitted from multiple laser diodes into a unified good source of fiber. This coupler, integrated into the optical fiber, possesses multiple entry points on one side, each connecting to an individual fiber originating from a laser diode. On the opposite side of the coupler, a single exit point is present, linking to the main fiber. Once the light from all the laser diodes is collected, it travels toward the laser medium.

 

Stimulated emission in the laser cavity
When laser diode light reaches the doped fiber, it excites electrons in the rare earth element, resulting in a population inversion crucial for laser production. As these excited electrons transition to lower energy levels, they emit photons of a specific wavelength. Through stimulated emission, these photons stimulate other excited electrons to emit similar photons, creating a cascade effect. The equilibrium between excited and relaxed electrons ensures a continuous flow of raw laser light.

 

Amplification of raw laser light into a laser beam
To prepare the raw laser light emitted from the doped fiber for practical applications, a strengthening process is necessary. In pulsed fiber lasers, this is accomplished through the utilization of Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs). These gratings serve as reflective mirrors with varying reflectivity, replacing conventional dielectric mirrors. The laser light within the fiber cavity undergoes a back-and-forth process, interacting with the Bragg Grating. A portion of the light infiltrates the grating in one direction, while the remaining light is reflected back into the laser cavity.

 

Laser light of a specific wavelength is created
The wavelength generated by the doped fiber relies on the choice of a doping element within the laser cavity. This aspect holds significant importance since different applications necessitate different wavelengths. Common doping elements include erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, and thulium, among others. For instance, ytterbium-doped pulsed fiber lasers produce a wavelength of 1064 nm, which finds application in laser marking and laser cleaning.

 

The laser beam is shaped and released
The laser beam formed by the exiting photons from the resonant cavity exhibits exceptional collimation owing to the light-guiding properties of the fiber. However, this high level of collimation may not be suitable for most laser applications. So to achieve the desired beam shape, various components like lenses and beam expanders are employed. Different types of lenses offer distinct advantages, and laser experts carefully select them to optimize the laser for specific applications.

 

What to Look for in a Pulsed Fiber Laser?
 

Laser source
Pulsed fiber lasers exhibit variations based on the material mixed with the laser source. Several examples include ytterbium-doped pulsed fiber lasers, thulium-doped pulsed fiber lasers, and erbium-doped pulsed fiber lasers. These distinct types of pulsed fiber lasers are employed for diverse applications due to their ability to generate different wavelengths.

 

Mode of operation
Various types of lasers emit laser beams in different ways. Laser beams can be generated through pulsed pulsed fiber lasers, which operate by pulsing at a specific repetition rate to achieve high-peak powers. This is commonly observed in lasers known as "q-switched," "gain-switched," and "mode-locked" lasers. On the other hand, laser beams can also be continuous, meaning they continuously emit a consistent amount of energy. This continuous emission is typically seen in lasers called "continuous-wave pulsed fiber lasers."

 

Laser power
The power of a laser is measured in watts and indicates the average power of the laser beam. For instance, there are 20W pulsed fiber lasers, 60W pulsed fiber lasers, and various other power options available. A high-power laser has the capability to generate energy at a faster rate compared to low-power lasers.

 

Mode
The mode of an optical fiber refers to the size of the core through which light travels. There are two categories of modes: single-mode pulsed fiber lasers and multi-mode pulsed fiber lasers. In single-mode lasers, the core diameter is smaller, typically ranging between 8 and 9 micrometers. Conversely, multi-mode lasers have a larger core diameter, usually between 50 and 100 micrometers. As a general guideline, single-mode lasers are more efficient in conveying laser light and exhibit superior beam quality compared to multi-mode lasers.

 

Pulsed Fiber Laser’s Power Handling Capability

 

Pulsed fiber lasers can handle large amounts of average power, and are often the choice for high power systems. The passive fiber is transparent and low loss. The gain fibers are long and thin, allowing effective cooling of a large amount of heat. Furthermore, most of the heat loss is generated in a diode laser separate from the fiber, and the fiber gain can be relatively efficient with low amounts of heat generation.


As an example, single mode pulsed fiber lasers with output power in the kilowatt regime are used for industrial applications such as machining. However, these high power lasers are operated in CW or long pulse mode. The only issue is how to get enough laser pump power into the fiber. This has been solved by the use of double-clad fibers that allow multimode pumping in the large cladding area while the single-mode signal is generated in the small core region. Thus the output of many high power laser diodes can be coupled into the same double-clad fiber simultaneously with various coupling schemes.


Ultrashort pulses are a new technology with many applications from sampling to non-thermal machining. pulsed fiber lasers provide a stable and reliable mode-locked platform for generation of these pulses. Although the effects are usually detrimental, they can sometimes be useful in different manipulation, such as a Soliton wave, or for expanding the gain spectrum to get a shorter pulse. Ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers are dominated by nonlinear optical effects, which is rare in the free space optical world.

 

How Does The Power Of A Pulsed Fiber Laser Scale?
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Pulsed fiber lasers' ability to scale in power is constrained by Brillouin and Raman scattering as well as the short length of the lasers themselves. Many components, including amplifiers, switches, and logic elements, require nonlinear fiber configurations.


There are two classes of nonlinear effects in optical fibers. The first one is brought on by the Kerr effect, or the intensity dependence of the medium's refractive index. This phenomenon manifests as one of three effects, depending on the type of input signal: Cross-phase modulation (CPM), self-phase modulation (SPM), or four-wave mixing (FWM).


The second nonlinear effect occurs when the optical field transfers some of its energy to the nonlinear medium via inelastic scattering. Such inelastic scattering can result in phenomena like stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS).


Any form of stimulated scattering action can potentially be a source of gain for the fiber. In both processes, if the incident power rises above a specific threshold, the intensity of dispersed light increases exponentially. Because of the comparatively large frequency shift and the wider gain bandwidth, Raman amplification is more beneficial. The main distinction between them is that in Brillouin, the optical wave interacts with low-frequency acoustic phonons, whereas in Raman, the directed optical wave interacts with high-frequency optical phonons. Another key distinction is that SRS can happen in both directions while SBS only happens in the backward direction in optical fibers.

 

How Does Mode Locking Work in Pulsed Fiber Lasers?
 

A laser can emit pulses of light with an incredibly short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10-12 s) or femtoseconds (10-15 s), through a process called mode-locking. When a laser is locked in mode, one or sometimes two pulses are moving about in the laser resonator. A portion of the pulse's energy is released every time it strikes the output coupler mirror, resulting in a regular pulse train as the laser output. The pulse energy is refilled by the gain medium on each round trip.


The term "mode-locking" refers to a frequency domain interpretation in which a large number of axial resonator modes vibrate while their corresponding phases remain locked. The time domain, however, makes it simpler to understand what physically happens.


An actively mode-locked laser achieves mode locking using a modulator (such as an electro-optic type) that precisely synchronizes the resonator losses with the resonator round trips. When losses are at their lowest, the circulating pulse passes through the modulator. Slightly higher losses in the pulse wings cause the pulses to be briefer. A passively mode-locked laser's loss is modulated by a saturable absorber. The shorter the circulation pulses get, the quicker the loss modulation happens.


Passive mode locking produces a simpler laser setup since synchronization of the loss modulation is automatically completed and an electrical driver is not required. The pulse-producing process is more complex for a variety of reasons, making it, for example, far more difficult to achieve stable operation.

 

 
Our Factory

 

In 2019, Woofee Laser was introduced from the Sucheng Economic Development Zone, Suqian .City, Jiangsu Province, into the Laser Industrial Park. With a registered capital of RMB 50 million, Woofee Laser has built 1200㎡ of class 10,000 clean workshops, and has established subsidiaries in Guangzhou and Suzhou. The company was founded by the laser project team of the advanced scientific research unit. The company has built a product line layout combining self-developed lasers and derived laser devices, and has accomplished the R&D and production of various lasers with key technical indicators at the leading level in China.

 

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Ultimate FAQ Guide to Pulsed Fiber Laser

 

Q: What is a pulsed fiber laser?

A: Pulsed fiber lasers utilize a doped fiber optic cable as the gain medium, rather than the crystals utilized in DPSS lasers, and provide pulsed output, as opposed to CW lasers, which emit a continuous output beam.

Q: What can a fiber laser not cut?

A: Secondly, the fiber laser cutting machine cannot cut the MDF, which mainly include fiberboard, wood fiber, and plant fiber, and some materials are made of urea-formaldehyde resin and artificial board made of adhesive. Because fiber laser cutting machine is belong to hot-processed.

Q: Do you need eye protection for fiber laser?

A: Laser safety glasses for fiber laser systems work the same as those for other laser systems; you need protection at the laser's wavelength, with appropriate optical density to attenuate the beam. Fiber lasers are just as dangerous to the eyes as standard lasers and should be respected accordingly.

Q: How many hours does a fiber laser last?

A: A fiber laser has a higher life expectancy than other laser solutions. The diode module found in a fiber laser functions three times longer than other laser technologies. The pumps in fiber laser have proven expected lifetime of greater than 100,000 hours.

Q: How do pulsed lasers work?

A: Pulsed lasers emit bursts of light spaced in time. Between pulses, the laser emits no light. The period is the time from the start of one pulse to the next. The pulse duration (pulse width) is the time measured across a pulse, often at its full width half maximum (FWHM).

Q: Do fiber lasers lose power over time?

A: While all lasers experience some level of power degradation, fiber lasers are known for their stable performance over an extended period. The specific power loss over time can vary depending on several factors, including the quality of the laser source, maintenance practices, and operating conditions.

Q: Can fiber lasers cut glass?

A: Yes, fiber lasers are very efficient in cutting glass. In fact, they deliver excellent results in cutting reflective materials as compared to their CO2 counterparts.

Q: Why are fiber lasers so expensive?

A: Superior Performance: Fiber lasers offer unparalleled speed, precision, and marking capability on various materials, justifying their premium price point. Durability and Reliability: These lasers boast exceptional lifespans exceeding 100,000 hours, making them a long-term investment.

Q: Is a fiber laser worth it?

A: The smaller wavelength of a fiber laser means it is much better suited in general to cutting metals as more of the beam's energy is absorbed into the material and less is reflected. This leads to more efficient cutting.

Q: Do you need to vent a fiber laser?

A: Yes, you do need to vent a fiber laser. Proper ventilation is essential to ensure a safe working environment, as fiber lasers can generate fumes and particulates during operation. Ventilation helps remove potentially harmful particles from the air and prevents them from accumulating in the machine.

Q: How much does a fiber laser cost per hour?

A: Operating costs vary, but according to available industry data, the average cost to run a 4kW CO2 laser cutter is about $12.73 per hour. Compare that to a 4kW fiber laser system, which has an average per-hour cost of $6.24, and you'll see why the latter may be more worth it for some facilities.

Q: Does fiber laser need gas?

A: During the fiber laser cutting process, an assist gas blows through a nozzle on the laser cutting head. How much gas is needed can vary, but it's generally a small amount.

Q: What is the difference between laser and pulsed laser?

A: One of the main differences between CW lasers and pulsed lasers is their power output. Pulsed lasers can produce high peak power, while their average power is relatively low.

Q: What is the duty cycle of a pulsed laser?

A: The duty cycle is the ratio of pulse duration and pulse spacing – in other words, the fraction of time in which there is light. For example, a Q-switched laser with 10 ns pulse duration and 1 kHz repetition rate has a duty cycle of 10 ns / 1 ms = 10−5.

Q: What is the maintenance of fiber laser?

A: Highly essential to regularly clean the debris from the air outlet and ensure proper ventilation. Verify the gas path filters regularly, promptly remove any water and debris. Check the crews of the travel switch bracket are not loose regularly.

Q: How deep can a fiber laser cut?

A: The maximum cutting thickness of different kinds of metals for a 1kw fiber laser cutter: 10mm carbon steel, 5mm stainless steel, 3mm aluminum, and 3mm brass.

Q: How much does a fiber laser cost?

A: The answer, as you might expect, is it depends. Prices can range from as low as $500 for entry-level diode lasers to a staggering $600,000 for high-powered industrial fiber lasers.

Q: What can you do with a fiber laser?

A: If you're looking for a versatile, fast, and high-output laser that can achieve annealing, deep engraving, cutting, burr removal, etching, or any kind of permanent marking on metal or plastic components, then a fiber laser may be right for you.

Q: Should I buy a fiber laser?

A: You should consider the following productivity key factors: Power - Fiber lasers for industrial use typically have higher power output than those for home use. With higher power you have more flexibility, and you can process thicker materials and complete jobs faster.

Q: How accurate is a fiber laser?

A: Dimensional Accuracy: Fiber laser cutters are known for their exceptional precision, often achieving tolerances as tight as ±0.003 inches. The focused beam spot size can be extremely small, allowing for intricate cuts and detailed work.

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